Farmers outside closed
bank in Frederick,
Oklahoma 1933. WPA
photo by Dorothea
Lange, Library of
Congress.
Leroy Baker is an upholsterer by trade. He grew up during the Depression on the Great
Plains, in Frederick, Oklahoma, where the dust blew and the crops withered. Through the
WPA and CCC, his father found work in South Texas and then in Paris, Texas, but he
still remembers Frederick as home.

Oral history taken November, 2004

Frederick, Oklahoma is my hometown. My daddy was an agricultural worker there during the
1930s, before we moved to South Texas for the WPA. WE lived in a migrant shack close to the
fields, and I remember the weather the most - the floods when the rains came, and the constant
threat of tornadoes. Daddy took the wheels off an old car, put trace chains around the body, then
piled earth on top of the northwest side - that became our storm cellar. He was afraid of
tornadoes because as a six year old boy, he'd been carried away by a twister for a few miles.

Another memory is when all us kids played revival, which was the main form of entertainment for
the grown-ups then. We pretended the running boards around the cars were pews, and my friend
Billy would yell "Hominy, hominy, hominy" while the rest of us began to speak in tongues. We got
whipped for that, because our parents thought that was sacrilegious!

I also remember the concrete road between Frederick and Lawton, which we called the "rocking
chair highway" because the joists were so close together, making all of us sway back and forth in
the car. I wonder if the road is still like that?
Growing Up in
Frederick